TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND RADIO ENGINEERING - 2011 Vol. 70,
No 15 		 

 

 

 

THE INFLUENCE OF WATER-CONTAINING AND WATER-ACID AEROSOLS UPON THE ENERGY BALANCE OF TROPOSPHERE DURING SOLAR-PROTON EVENTS



A.L. Kovorotniy, Yu.V. Goncharenko, & V.N. Gorobets
A. Usikov Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics,
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
12, Academician Proskura St., Kharkiv 61085, Ukraine
Address all correspondence to A.L. Kovorotniy E-mail: kovorotniy@ire.kharkov.ua

Abstract
The water-containing and water-acid aerosols that are apt to be formed during the solar-proton events exert a certain influence the energy balance of the Earth atmosphere at high latitudes. The present paper with the above issues. It is shown that during solar flares the Sun energy flux that reaches the Earth surface can possibly a 6 to 11% decrease due to its reflection from an aerosol layer which has formed through the ionizing impact of high-energy solar protons.
KEY WORDS:solar activity, solar cosmic rays, galactic cosmic rays, solar-proton events, aerosol layers, troposphere

References

  1. Herman, J.R. and Goldberg, R.A., (1981), The Sun, weather and climate, Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad: 318 p. (in Russian).
  2. Avdyushin, S.I. and Danilov, A.D., (2000), The Sun, weather and climate: modern view on the problem, Geomagnetizm and Aeronomiya. 40(5):3-14 (in Russian).
  3. Chernogor, L.F., (2003), The physics of the Earth, atmosphere and geocosmos in the light of the system paradigm, Radiofizika and Radioastronomiya. 8(1):59-106 (in Russian).
  4. Ivlev, L.S. and Dovgalyuk, Yu.A., (1999), The physics of atmospheric aerosol systems, NIIKh SPGU, Sankt-Petersburg: 194 p. (in Russian).
  5. Pudovkin, M.I. and Dementyeva, A.L., (1997), Variations in the altitude temperature profile in the lower atmosphere during the solar events, Geomagnetizm and Aeronomiya. 37(3):84-91 (in Russian).
  6. Veretenenko, S.V., Ivlev, L.S., and Ul’ev, V.A., (2008), Investigation of stratospheric aerosol during the solar proton events in January 2005 according to the instrument data GOMOS/ENVISAT, Problemy Arktiki and Antarktiki. 3:126-130 (in Russian).
  7. Shumilov, O.I. and Kasatkina, E.A., (2005), Increase in aerosol concentration in the high-latitude atmosphere in the solar relativistic energy protons invasion, Mezhd. Konf. “Nauka and Razvitie Tekhnobiosphery Zapolyariya”, Apatity, pp.1-6 (in Russian).
  8. Shea, M.A. and Smart, D.F., (1990), A summary of major solar proton events, Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, Hansom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731-5000, USA. 29(3):325-330.
  9. Oran, R. White, (1980), Solar-energy flux and its variations, Mir, Moscow: 419 p. (in Russian).
  10. Aivazyan, G.M., (1991), Propagation millimeter and submillimeter waves in clouds, Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad: 480 p. (in Russian).
  11. Dickinson, R.E., (1975), Solar variability and the lower atmosphere, Bull. Amer. Meterol. 56:1240.
  12. Land, C.E., Grothe, H., Gola, A.A., and Nielsen, C.J., (2005), Optical constants of HNO3/H2O and H2SO4/HNO3/H2O at low temperatures in the infrared region, Phys. Chem. A. 109(32):1-23.
  13. Kondratiev, K.Ya., (1998), Aerosol and climate: some results and remote sensing prospects. Tropospheric aerosol, Ekologicheskaya khimiya. 7(3):145-163 (in Russian).
  14. Deirmendjan, D., (1971), Scattering of electromagnetic radiation by spherical polydispersive particles, Mir, Moscow: 113 p. (in Russian).
  15. Van de Hulst, (1961), Scattering of Light by small-size particles, Izd-vo inostran. literat., Moscow: 536 p. (in Russian).
  16. Planck, M., (2002), Lidar intercomparisons on algorithm and system level in frame of EARLNET, Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, p.67.


pages 1395-1405

Back