2005, volume 10, special issue

MULTICAVITY COLD SECONDARYEMISSION CATHODE MAGNETRON:ACHIEVEMENTS, PROBLEMS, PROSPECTS

Gritsaenko S. V., Yeryomka V. D., Kopot’ M. A., Kulagin O. P., Naumenko V. D., Suvorov S. N.

499-529

A review is given of the findings of the investigations into the pulsed cold secondary-emission cathode magnetrons operating over the mm-wave band, side-cathode magnetrons and X-band coaxial  magnetrons designed and developed at the A.Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics of the NAS of Ukraine (IRE NASU) in the period of 1955 through 2005 and at the Radioastronomical Institute of the NAS of Ukraine (RI NASU) in the period of 1985 through 2005. The distinctive features of the magnetrons’ constructions, their operating modes, energy characteristics are presented. The parameters of magnetron constructions are cited. The results from theoretical and experimental studies and the applications of cold-cathode magnetrons are briefly described.  It is shown that using the cold secondary-emission allows the service life of mm and submm-wave magnetrons to be substantially extended, their energy characteristics to be improved, and the functional capabilities to be increased. It is shown that over the frequency interval of 35 to 150 GHz the magnetron oscillators operating on higher space harmonics of non--mode oscillations have the parameters that meet the practical requirements.

INVESTIGATION ON NON-LINEAR DYNAMICS OF AN O-TYPE OSCILLATOR WITH LONG-TIME INTERACTION

Kornienko Yu. V.

530-549

This paper presents a review of the results of the studies conducted in the field of non-linear dynamics of the simplest O-type oscillator with long-time interaction at the Institute of Radiophysics and Electronic within recent years. Various possible approaches to describing the oscillator are analyzed. The electron beam motion pattern and various possible methods to describe it are considered. Conditions of both soft and hard excitation of the oscillations in the oscillator are studied. It is shown that the oscillator can have a lot of steady states of oscillation at the single mode. The traditional description of the electron motion by means of series in terms of small amplitude appears to be applicable for exact determination of the transient angle value where the intervals of hard excitation begin; however, it turns to be unusable for the efficiency optimization of the device.

ADVANCEMENTS IN DIFFRACTION ELECTRONICS (ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROBLEMS)

Tsvyk A. I.

550-569

Advancements in diffraction electronics are shown due to studies of diffraction radiation and research into the generation and amplification of electromagnetic waves by an electron beam in open electromagnetic configurations with a diffraction grating. The thin structure of the diffraction (Smith-Purcell) radiation is analyzed together with the physical processes of electron beam energy transformation in the diffraction radiation oscillator (DRO), including reflection DRO, pulsed DRO, small-size DRO, DRO with a diffraction grating like a chain of coupled resonators, and some other devices developed and tested. A comparative analysis is given to the achievements in diffraction electronics in Ukraine, Russia, the USA, etc.

THEORY, TECHNIQUE AND EXPERIMENTAL RESALTS OF RADIO FREQUENCIES MCG

Adgiev A. H., Soshenko V. A., Sytnik O. V.

570-580

The results of design of basic performance of magnetic flux compression generators (MCG) are presented. The maximum electric oscillations energy of investigated MCG, achieved in the radio frequency (RF) band. Frequency properties of signals of generators of the most widespread constructions are explored with the use of the specified equivalent circuits. The main factors, which influence of MCG signals, are investigated. Results of experimenta researches of RF MCG are submitted.

MICROWAVE ELECTRODE DISCHARGE FOR THE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

Kirichenko A. Ya., Martynyuk S. P., Motornenko A. P., Skuratovskiy I. G.

581-585

Energetic characteristics and geometric parameters of the microwave electrode discharge in the form of a torch which is initiated at the end of a flagpole antenna in the argon flow have been investigated. The comparison of these dependences with the similar data which were obtained for the well-known coaxial plasmatron of the low power has been made.

HYPERSONIC DELAY LINES OF MICROWAVE SIGNALS

Ganapolskii E. M.

586-600

Hypersonic delay lines (HDL) of microwave signals for the first time were offered in IRE of Ukrainian NAS in 1961г.The HDL physical basis lately were created and the new scientific and technical direction in development of remembering devices intended for processing of radar-tracking microwave signals.. In clause the review of the basic results executed in the works of IRE of Ukrainian NAS on creation ГЛЗ is given. The principles are considered, on which the methods of transformation of electromagnetic waves in hypersonic wave are based. The methods of hypersonic excitation by the superficial slowed down electromagnetic wave and method of "dot" transformation by using of piezoelectric ZnO films are described. The basic mechanisms of hypersonic absorption in crystalline acoustic duct are considered at room and cryogenic temperatures. The effect of reversal of residual damping of longitudinal гиперзвука in dielectric crystals is detected and described and investigated in IRE of Ukrainian NAS at low temperatures. The designs wide band HDL with not cooled acoustic dust and HDL based on the effect of reversal of residual damping are described.

BASIC PROPERTIES OF CHIRAL WAVEGUIDES

Komar G. I., Poedinchuk А. Ye.

600-617

Physical properties of mode behavior in a waveguide filled with chiral medium have been analyzed. Mathematical and physical models of mode propagation have been defined and the mode classification has been proposed. It was shown that modes of a chiral waveguide have the same root singularity in dispersion as a nonchiral waveguide; however the mode transfiguration that determines a complex behavior pattern of summary dispersive curves is typical for all modes of the chiral waveguide. The modes of chiral waveguides are characterized by: polarization coupling, wave mode coupling, dispersive curve gushes, spatial beats and consecutive measurements of a proper function at the operating point moving along the dispersive curve (mode transfiguration). A polarization selection of propagated waves is realized in the chiral waveguide. Therefore when the propagation constant has high values there are only clockwise-polarized waves in the chiral waveguide; it is caused by the mode transfiguration.

OVER-THE-HORIZON-DETECTION IN DECAMETER WAVE BAND

Khomenko S. I.

618-632

There were presented the results of developing and design of the Over-the-horizon-detection stations (OHDS) of the surface wave in decameter wave band, which were performed in IRE NASU. The works in design of OHDS under the advising of S. J. Braude were begun in 1949-1951 and are continued by I. S. Turgenjev in radar and navigation department. It is demonstrated, that the objects on the sea surface can be detected at the distance of 200-500 km. These detection stations can be useful for different institutions in Ukraine.

PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF UWB IMPULSE GPR

Masalov S. O., Pochanin G. P.

633-640

Problems existing in modern UWB impulse ground penetrating radiolocation are analyzed. Possible ways of further improvement of GPR equipment are discussed. Approaches to a problem of primary radar data improvement are proposed.

HISTORY OF DETECTION OF THE LINE SPLITTING IN THE EARTH - IONOSPHERE CAVITY

Nikolaenko A. P.

641-652

History is described of detection of the line splitting in the Earth -ionosphere cavity. The lift of degeneracy occurs owing to the anisotropy of the ionospheric plasma placed in the geomagnetic field. Splitting cannot be observed in the power spectra of resonance signal, as the separation of eigen-values is smaller that natural width of resonance lines. The effect might be detected when using different spatial distributions of individual eigen-functions, including the polarization of the field. The central frequencies of the multiplets correspond to the standing waves, while the side frequencies are related with the waves traveling to the west and to the east. The spatial distribution of vertical electric field was studied in late 60s – early 70s when the simultaneous and coherent records were performed in distant observatories. The results observed were interpreted as detection of line splitting. It was shown later that data allow for an alternative explanation. Line splitting manifests itself as an elliptical polarization caused by a phase shift between the crossed horizontal magnetic field components. Measurements made in 80s found the elliptical polarization, but its frequency dependence deviated from that expected from the elementary considerations. Relevant computations were made and published only recently accompanied by experimental data obtained in special observations. Thus it was demonstrated that the line splitting is really observed in the Earth - ionosphere cavity. The side bands dominate at the resonance frequencies, so that eastward traveling waves are observed in the major part of the cavity. Experimental data allowed for an estimate of the plasma gyrotropy parameter being close to unity.

STATISTICAL APPROACH TO THE FILTRATION AND INFORMATIVITY OF THE IMAGE

Kornienko Yu. V.

652-676

The statistical approach to the signal filtration is formulated, formed in time of Laplace and Gauss and developed during next ages, and its application in filtering of images. Informativity of the experiment resulting to an image is defined using Fisher informational operator. Some examples of real results obtained using this approach are presented: photoclynometric method and interferometric method of forming (constructing) the object’s image during searching it through the turbulent atmosphere, which were developed in IRE NASU. There given a brief view of another result in branch of image processing, which were received in IRE NASU since 1970.

THE PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF BIOPOLYMERS

Maleev V. Ya., Shestopalova A. V.

677-699

The review is presented for the main results in molecular biophysics which were obtained in Biophysics Department O. Ya. Usikov’s Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics of the NAS Ukraine. The main trend of investigations in this Department are focused at studying physical principles of the construction and properties of the most important biological macromolecules – proteins and nucleic acids, first of all, DNA. These researches include (1) the problem of relation of macromolecule structures with their spectral properties, (2) the problem of stability of biopolymers in a water environment and related problem of the biomolecule hydration under various external conditions, including an interaction of bioobjects with electromagnetic radiation of millimeter and centimeter ranges of waves (3) the problem of elucidating molecular mechanisms of the effect of ionizing radiation on biosystems; (4) the problem of interaction of DNA with low molecular biologically active substances.